The First Crusade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The prototypal Crusade - Research Paper ExampleIndeed Pope Urbans religious apparel often tends to comprehend the true aspects of the First Crusade and the fact that Pope Urban himself was up to his own cause is often ignored. Indeed historians have interpreted the event of the First Crusade differently. The lack of any unique primary document on Pope Urbans (II) motive for the crusade has laid the event sluttish to interpretation. These interpretations revolve mainly around three points a. the 11th century reform movement, b. the Seldjuk or Muslim threat to the Eastern Roman Orthodoxy, c. affirmation of Papacy on entire European Christendom. But an astute analysis of the event will reveal that all of these three causes had their, more or less, equal shares of influence on the First Crusade. Seldjuks Threat in the East as a Primary Cause of First Crusade Though there is a everyday tendency among the historians to underrate the Seljuk threat to the Eastern Christendom considering it as a secondary cause of the First Crusade and to view it as a virtuous excuse to move eastward, the Seljuk attack on the Byzantine Empire was no less important as a psychological motivation than opposite causes. In a concrete sense, it might be a mere excuse in Pope Urbans political and religious scheme, notwithstanding it was a demonic cause to usurp the commoners sacrificial emotion for the war in its essence. In fact, First Crusade was the product of the reincarnated commoners passion for a hallowed war against the infidel and the unfaithful that were commonly considered to be the Seldjuk during the late 11th century. The extremity of medieval religiosity to achieve ablution for sins, restored faith of the commoners in perform, superiority of the Popes and the churchs victory of the Emperor- all together functioned to boost up the common peoples zeal to fight for the Holy Land and eastern Christendom against the invasive Seldjuk. Even if Islam and Christianity coexist on the east bank of the Mediterranean Sea for more than three hundred years before the 1000s, as Thomas Asbridges claims, the increasing Seldjuk attacks on the Byzantine Empire, the defeat in Manzikert in 1077, the conquest of religiously important cities like Antioch and Nicaea, Turkish invasion and conquest of Anatolia, etc were severe blows on the 11th century Christendom that made the Western church reformers feel the pressure on the East and eventually provoked the superior papacy to successfully stipulate the invaders as the infidel and unfaithful who must be challenged. In an article, Paul Crawford describes the crisis as following In 1071 the Turks met and crushed the Byzantine army at the affair of Manzikert, near Armenia. As a result the entire heartland of the Empire, in Asia Minor, lay open and defenseless (Crawford 2). The atrocities of the Seldjuk are reflected in a Letter of Alexius to Count Robert of Flanders The sacred places they desecrate and destroy in numberless ways, and they threaten them with worse treatmentFor intimately the entire land from Jerusalem to Greece, and the whole of Greece with its upper regionsand now almost nothing remains except Constantinople. (Alexius) East-West Schism as one of the Causes of First Crusade Indeed for Pope Urban II there was no